ROS Sources
- ETC complex I/III leakage
- NOX4 activation in obesity
- Xanthine oxidase activity
Mitochondrial Redox Mechanisms
Redox Imbalance in Metabolic Diseases
Antioxidant Systems
- SOD2 mitochondrial defense
- Glutathione peroxidase
- Exosomal catalase transfer
Pathological Consequences
| Disease | Redox Alteration | Exosomal Biomarker |
|---|---|---|
| NASH | ↑ Mitochondrial H2O2 | miR-34a |
| Diabetes | ↓ Complex III activity | SOD2 protein |